Vehicle valuations and write-offs

What we look at

• If you think the vehicle valuation is unfair

  Most of the complaints we see involve disagreements about the market value of the vehicle.

  You may have been asked to estimate your vehicle's value when you completed the insurance application form. But this isn't the amount your insurer would actually have to pay out in a claim.

  To decide whether your insurer’s valuation is fair and reasonable, we’ll look at:

  • specialist valuation guides, and
  • any other evidence which may have been provided.

  If the guides all give a similar value – and your insurer’s valuation is in line with the valuation guides and the evidence provided – we’re likely to agree with it.

  But there are occasions where the values given by the guides can vary significantly. If this is the case, we’ll look at your insurers’ valuation to see if it is supported by other evidence, such as adverts or an expert’s opinion.

  If we think the valuation is unfair, we’ll tell your insurer to adjust it to either the highest in the guides or to be in line with the valuation supported by the other evidence – whichever is the fairest in the circumstances.

  There are some vehicles that the valuation guides don’t cover, including:

  • vehicles over 20 years old – this might be less for some models
  • less common or unusual vehicles, such as agricultural machinery
  • conversions, such as ice-cream vans or campers

  If we’re not able to use the guides to work out a fair valuation, we’ll ask you and your insurer for other information, such as an engineer’s report.

  Adverts

  We haven’t historically used adverts to decide whether a valuation is fair. This is because vehicles often end up selling for lower than they were advertised.

  However, we’ve been told by the valuation guides that cars are selling at or close to advertised prices. So, now we typically consider adverts when assessing the market value of a vehicle.

  We also find that differences in mileage or the year of registration could have a big effect on the value of the same model of vehicle. So, if you provide adverts as evidence it’s important to make sure they’re as close to the specification of your car as possible.

  Modified vehicles

  You might think your insurer has undervalued your vehicle, because you’ve had modifications done to your vehicle or it had optional extras that haven’t been taken into account.
  
  A lot of modifications and optional extras won’t have much effect on the second-hand value of the vehicle compared with valuation guide prices. Examples include adding a satnav or modifications that keep your vehicle roadworthy, like replacing the engine.

  Some people tell us they’ve added things like spoilers or racing exhausts to their car. Although these might increase the car’s appeal to some people, they could put others off. So on balance, the overall market value might not be any higher.

  There may be cases where we think that the particular quality of an accessory would increase a vehicle’s value. But these vehicles are often specially insured through an agreed-value policy, which would have already taken this into account.

  Left-hand-drive vehicles

  Insurers might take off money from the market value of the vehicle if it’s left-hand drive. Left-hand-drive vehicles are usually worth less in the UK, so we’d normally say it’s fair for your insurer to deduct the difference between a left-hand drive vehicle and a right-hand drive vehicle, from the market value.

  If it’s an imported right-hand-drive vehicle then this is also likely to affect to market value too, so it would be fair for an insurer to make a deduction from the market value for this. However, if an insurer makes a deduction for either of these, we would ask for supporting evidence to show the deduction is fair.  

  We may decide that the deduction shouldn’t be applied if the left-hand drive vehicle is a classic car. This is because:

  • this type of vehicle is normally insured under an agreed-value policy
  • this may be a feature on certain cars – for example, if you own a 1950s Cadillac, the fact that it’s left-hand-drive may be seen as a feature to a specialist market 

  Vehicles recently purchased second-hand

  If you bought your car second-hand just before you made the claim, we’d still expect your insurer to have used the guides as a starting point to make a valuation. But we think they should take what you recently brought the car for into account. 

  The guides should give an accurate valuation, but it may be that you paid more than the guides suggested it was worth. If this is the case, we would need to determine whether this was a fair market price and look at what other evidence is available.

  Complaints involving agreed-value policies

  ‘Agreed-value’ policies require an insurer to pay their customer a previously agreed amount for the insured vehicle. These policies aren’t very common and are normally only used for valuable or classic vehicles.

  If your vehicle is insured under an agreed-value policy and is written off, we’d expect your insurer to pay out the amount that was agreed in the policy.

• If the insurer says your vehicle wasn’t in a good condition, but you disagree

  We hear from people who say they’ve been told their car wasn’t in good condition, and they’ve been offered less money than they expected. 

  Under most motor insurance policies, the insurer is only liable for the market value of the vehicle just before it was damaged or stolen. A vehicle’s market value will be affected if it’s not in good condition, so it’s understandable that an insurer might take off money because of pre-existing damage. However, we see disagreements around whether the:

  • reduction is justified
  • amount deducted is fair 

  We’ll look at engineers' reports for information about your vehicle’s condition. We’d probably disagree with a lower valuation if the engineer hasn’t given any specific reasons, or for wear and tear that would be expected in a car of that age.

  Roadworthiness

  A lot of policies say that a vehicle must be in a ‘roadworthy’ state. If your claim has been affected because your vehicle wasn’t in a roadworthy condition, we’ll look for evidence that any loss or damage was caused because of this.

  If we find that your vehicle didn’t have a valid MOT and would have failed one, we’d probably say it’s fair for your insurer to make a small deduction from the valuation. 

  Complaints involving pre-existing damage

  We see complaints where the insurer has reduced the payout because of damage which was already on the vehicle before the incident happened.

  We’d only consider this to be fair if the pre-existing damage would have affected the vehicle's market value. For example, small scratches might affect the value of a brand new vehicle, but not one that is 15 years old. ​

  Vehicles that have been written off in the past

  Vehicles that have been previously written off can put off potential buyers, no matter how well they’ve been repaired. This can affect the market value of the vehicle, so insurers are likely to lower the valuation.

  If you knew or should have known you were buying a repaired write-off, you may have paid less for it. So in these cases, we may decide it’s fair for your insurer to make a deduction to reflect the difference in market value due to it being a previous total loss.

  However, if we think it reasonable you were unaware of your vehicle’s history when you bought it, we’re likely to tell your insurer to pay you the full market value. 

• If your vehicle has been scrapped without warning

  After their vehicle has been written off,  consumers sometimes tell us they:

  • didn’t know their car would be scrapped after it was written off
  • wanted to keep the written off car or the ‘salvage’
  • lost possessions that were inside the car

  When a vehicle is written off, the insurer usually owns the salvage once the owner has accepted payment for the full market value. But we don’t think it’s fair for your insurer to scrap your vehicle without telling you. So we’ll check whether you agreed to accept a payment, and if you told your insurer you wanted to keep the salvage.

  In some cases, the insurer has paid the market value and returned the damaged, but deducted what they’d have got for the salvage – and the owner is unhappy with what’s been deducted.

  We’d normally think it’s fair for your insurer to take off the amount they would have made from selling the scrapped vehicle from the amount they pay you. But we’d ask them for evidence to prove how much they would have got for the salvage.

• Complaints involving new vehicle replacements

  Most motor insurance policies for new vehicles will provide the owner with a new car if:

  • theirs is written off within a certain time
  • the cost of the repair is more than 60-70% of the current list price

  If this isn’t the case, we’ll look for evidence that the insurer made it clear at the point of sale that the most the policy will ever pay is the market value.

  In some cases, although the policy says that the insurer will provide a replacement vehicle, the owner wants the money instead. We’d usually say that money should only be paid to the amount a like-for-like replacement would have cost your insurer.

  Sometimes an insurer says that the cost of repairs is less than 60-70% of the current list price, so they won’t offer a replacement vehicle. If this happens, we’ll check that the cost of repairs has been worked out fairly.

  Your insurer may have refused to provide you with a new vehicle replacement, if you have a personal contract purchase (PCP) or hire purchase agreement. This is because the finance company is the owner of the car until the you make the final payment. In these circumstances, we’d say your insurer should provide a new vehicle replacement as long as it was agreed with the finance company.